STUDY NOTES - UPSC IAS - TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (TFR)

TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (TFR)



1. Context

Delhi has not only recorded the lowest Total Fertility Rate (TFR), the average number of children per woman, but also the highest decline in the TFR in recent years.The Sample Registration System (SRS) report by the Registrar General of India for 2021, released on May 7, stated that Delhi’s TFR was 1.4 in 2021 against 1.9 in 2011, a 26.3% decline



2. About the Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is a key demographic indicator that helps us understand the average number of children a woman in a specific population will have during her lifetime, assuming current birth patterns persist. It's different from the crude birth rate, which simply measures the number of births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

What it measuresThe average number of children a woman will have throughout her reproductive lifespan.
It considers age-specific fertility rates, which means it takes into account the different birth rates at different ages within the population.
Provides a longer-term perspective on population dynamics compared to the crude birth rate.

SignificanceHelps assess population growth trends and predict future population size.
Informs policy decisions related to education, healthcare, social security, and economic development.
Understanding TFR is crucial for analyzing the potential demographic dividend, which refers to the economic and social benefits that can arise from a large working-age population due to declining fertility rates.

CalculationSumming the age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for all fertile age groups (typically 15-49 years) and multiplying by five.
ASFRs represent the average number of births per 1,000 women in a specific age group.

Key TFR levelsReplacement fertility rate: Around 2.1 children per woman, ensures population stability without growth or decline due to births and deaths (excluding migration).
TFR below replacement: Indicates a declining population, with potential implications for workforce size and economic growth.
TFR above replacement: Leads to population growth, requiring investments in infrastructure and resources to support the growing population.


3. What does the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.0 mean?

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.0 means that, on average, each woman in the population is expected to give birth to two children over her reproductive lifetime. This value represents the replacement level of fertility, where each generation replaces itself in the population. When the TFR is around 2.0, it indicates that the population is stable, with births balancing deaths over time.

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.0 indicates several key thingsAverage Children per Woman: In that specific population, on average, a woman will have two children during her lifetime, assuming current birth patterns remain unchanged. This means that each generation of women is replacing itself, without population growth or decline due solely to births and deaths (excluding migration).
Replacement Fertility Rate: A TFR of 2.0 is often referred to as the replacement fertility rate. This is because it signifies the level of fertility needed to maintain a stable population size over time, considering only births and deaths. However, it's important to note that the exact replacement level can vary slightly depending on mortality rates, particularly child mortality.
Demographic Transition: A TFR of 2.0 suggests that the population is likely in the later stages of the demographic transition. This transition involves a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. In this stage, populations typically experience a decline in fertility, followed by a decline in mortality, leading to a stabilization of population size.
Global Context: While 2.0 is the replacement fertility rate, the global average TFR is currently around 2.3, indicating slight population growth. However, many developed countries have TFRs below replacement level, which can lead to an ageing population and potential challenges for social security systems and workforce size.
Policy Implications: Understanding the TFR is crucial for policymakers in various areas like education, healthcare, social security, and economic development. A TFR below replacement may necessitate policies encouraging childbirth or attracting immigration to address potential workforce shortages. Conversely, a high TFR might require investments in infrastructure and resources to support a growing population.

Rachna Singh got Gold Medal for coming first in Naturopathy and Yoga(NDDY)

 Rachna Singh got Gold Medal for coming first in Naturopathy and Yoga(NDDY)

Chandigarh: Rachna Singh got first position by scoring in the examinations of Naturopathy and Yoga (NDDY). She was honored with gold medal, memento and degree in the convocation organized by Gandhi National Academy of Naturopathy, New Delhi. This honor was given by the hands of Dr. Zora Singh, Chancellor, Desh Bhagat University and Dr. Puneet Malik, Secretary of Gandhi Smarak Prakritik Chikitsa Samiti, New Delhi.

Dr. Rachna Singh said that she has done a three and a half year course of Naturopathy and Yoga conducted by Gandhi National Academy of Naturopathy and Yoga, New Delhi. Dr. Rachna Singh further said that she applies Naturopathy and Yoga on herself. She practices Yoga regularly and if she has any disease, she cures it through Naturopathy only. In modern medical style, the disease is suppressed but in Naturopathy, the disease is eradicated from its root. In this, emphasis is given on the reason why the disease occurred and the disease is removed by purifying the body.  By doing this the disease does not come back again and again. While giving the message, he said that every person should adopt naturopathy and yoga so that he can stay healthy.

On this occasion, Dr. Harish Yadav (Hisar), Preeti Goyal, Rupinder Kaur, Dr. Jasmeet Singh Bedi, Dr. Aditya Bhardwaj, Dr. HC Gupta, Mukesh Kumar Agarwal, Naresh Sharma, Amit, Rama Devi, Vicky, Deepak Khetrapal, Manoj, Veerbhan, Amardeep Kaur, Pravesh Kumar Gaur, Avtar Singh, Rajesh Kumari, Sanjeev Dilawari, Alpana Sharma, Neetu Sharma etc. were present.

Chief Secretary, UT Chandigarh Directs Adoption of Quality Standards

*Chief Secretary, UT Chandigarh Directs Adoption of Quality Standards*

 

​A meeting of State Level Committee on Standardization was held under the Chairmanship of  Sh. Rajeev Verma, Chief Secretary, UT Chandigarh. The Committee aims to promote use of Indian Standards to create a robust quality system in the UT and protect the interest of the consumers. 

A detailed presentation was given by Smt. Sneh Lata, Deputy Director General, Bureau of Indian Standards (North India). ​The Chief Secretary, UT Chandigarh directed all public dealing departments to obtain Anti Bribery Management System (IS0 37001) certification. He further directed to make plans for implementation of Service Quality Management System (SQMS) across all departments. Commissioner, Municipal Corporation & Estate office, in particular were asked to  implement Record Management system to smoothen their record especially the old ones. 

The Chief Secretary applauded the efforts of Municipal Corporation, Chandigarh for their initiative of applying for  certification for Piped Drinking Water Management System in Chandigarh. If this certificate is obtained, Chandigarh will be the first in country, to have this certification. It will ensure that the water being supplied to residents of Chandigarh complies to the requirements of Potable Drinking Water (IS 10500) for well being of all residents.

​​Chief Engineer, UT Chandigarh was directed to implement Building Byelaws specific for Chandigarh i.e. SP 73 developed by BIS and to implement Energy Management system in Chandigarh. To ensure capacity building of UT officials, Chief Secretary directed all departments to nominate a nodal officer (not below the rank of HoD’s) who shall further be imparted training by BIS in order to leverage the result of ensuring quality and attaining the satisfaction of the public service at large. 

Further, Chief Secretary directed all departments to ensure the compliance of all Quality control Orders (QCOs). Secretary Industries was directed to conduct more awareness programs for all Industry specially MSMEs.  It was also directed that General Public be made aware of BIS Care App which confirms genunity and authenticity of product and precious metals such as Gold and silver. 

The meeting was attended by all the Administrative Secretaries of Chandigarh Administration including Home Secretary, Finance Secretary, Secretary Food & Supplies and other senior officers of Chandigarh Administration. Representatives from industries, consumer organizations, and academia also participated.

जब देश पुकारे, तो हम तैयार खड़े हों” – Governor Kataria’s Call to the Youth Echoes Across Chandigarh.

जब देश पुकारे, तो हम तैयार खड़े हों” – Governor Kataria’s Call to the Youth Echoes Across Chandigarh.

Over 3,000 Volunteers Enroll as Civil Defence Heroes at Tagore Theatre and Tiranga Urban Park.

An Emotional Appeal by the Administrator Inspires a New Generation of Invisible Warriors.

Chandigarh, May 10, 2025 

It was not just a Civil Defence enrollment drive; it was a stirring call to duty. Under the wise and heartfelt leadership of Punjab Governor and Administrator of UT Chandigarh, Shri Gulab Chand Kataria, more than 3,000 young citizens stepped forward with unwavering resolve to serve as Civil Defence volunteers in a time of growing uncertainty.

Held at Tagore Theatre in Sector 18 and Tiranga Urban Park in Sector 17, the event witnessed not only an overwhelming response but also a surge of national pride and youthful determination. 

The Governor’s presence electrified the atmosphere. His words, full of emotion and moral clarity, struck a deep chord with every listener – especially the youth, who stood silently yet solemnly as he addressed them not as mere citizens, but as protectors of the nation’s soul.

Recalling India’s long tradition of unsung heroes who served without rank or recognition, Governor Kataria spoke with reverence of the invisible warriors of the past – those who during the wars of 1962, 1965, and 1971 turned schools into bunkers, carried the wounded to safety, and worked day and night with no expectation of reward. “They had no medals,” he said, “but they had the heart of India beating inside them.”

He reminded everyone that while our brave soldiers guard our borders, it is the responsibility of civil volunteers to safeguard the spirit of our nation from within – in our streets, our homes, our neighborhoods. “Civil Defence is not just a service,” he declared, “it is an emotion, a sacred responsibility – a vow to stand up when the motherland calls.”

In his powerful address, Governor Kataria made a heartfelt appeal to the youth, urging them to become the strength behind the frontline. “You are the future of India,” he said, “but in this moment, you are also its shield.” 

At Tagore Theatre, the sound of applause after his speech was thunderous. At Tiranga Urban Park, under the waving tricolour, hundreds took the pledge to serve not just in times of war, but in every crisis – be it disaster, emergency, or the need for calm in chaos. For many, it was a turning point – a moment when being a citizen took on a deeper meaning.

As thousands signed up, their eyes reflected a new purpose – inspired by a leader who didn’t just speak to them, but believed in them. The Governor walked amongst the volunteers, exchanging words of encouragement, placing a reassuring hand on shoulders, and reminding each one: “You are no less than a soldier. You carry India’s trust.”

This historic day marked the enrollment of over 3,000 Civil Defence volunteers – young, determined, and ready to rise whenever their nation needs them. It was more than a success – it was the rekindling of a movement, led from the front by a statesman whose voice carries the wisdom of experience and the warmth of a patriot.

Sh. Mandip Singh Brar, Home Secretary, Chandigarh, Sh. Nishant Kumar Yadav, Deputy Commissioner, Chandigarh,SSP UT, Chandigarh Ms. Kanwardeep Kaur and other officers of Chandigarh Administration were also present during the event.

 जब देश पुकारे, तो हम तैयार हों” – राज्यपाल कटारिया का युवाओं से आह्वान  में गूंजा चंडीगढ़।

 टैगोर थिएटर और तिरंगा अर्बन पार्क में 3,000 से अधिक स्वयंसेवकों ने नागरिक सुरक्षा नायकों के रूप में नामांकन कराया। 

प्रशासक की भावनात्मक अपील ने अदृश्य योद्धाओं की नई पीढ़ी को किया प्रेरित ।

चंडीगढ़, 10 मई, 2025 यह केवल नागरिक सुरक्षा नामांकन अभियान नहीं था; यह कर्तव्य के प्रति एक उत्साहजनक आह्वान था। पंजाब के राज्यपाल और यूटी चंडीगढ़ के प्रशासक श्री गुलाब चंद कटारिया के बुद्धिमान और दिल से किए गए नेतृत्व में, 3,000 से अधिक युवा नागरिक बढ़ती अनिश्चितता के समय में नागरिक सुरक्षा स्वयंसेवकों के रूप में सेवा करने के लिए अटूट संकल्प के साथ आगे आए। सेक्टर 18 में टैगोर थिएटर और सेक्टर 17 में तिरंगा अर्बन पार्क में आयोजित इस कार्यक्रम में न केवल जबरदस्त प्रतिक्रिया देखी गई, बल्कि राष्ट्रीय गौरव और युवा दृढ़ संकल्प की भी लहर देखी गई। 

राज्यपाल की उपस्थिति ने उत्साह को बढ़ाया  माहौल में जोश भर गया। भावनाओं और नैतिक स्पष्टता से भरे उनके शब्दों ने हर श्रोता को गहराई से प्रभावित किया - खासकर युवाओं को, जो चुपचाप लेकिन गंभीरता से खड़े थे, क्योंकि उन्होंने उन्हें केवल नागरिक के रूप में नहीं, बल्कि राष्ट्र की आत्मा के रक्षक के रूप में संबोधित किया।

भारत के गुमनाम नायकों की लंबी परंपरा को याद करते हुए, जिन्होंने बिना किसी पद या मान्यता के सेवा की, राज्यपाल कटारिया ने अतीत के अदृश्य योद्धाओं के बारे में श्रद्धा के साथ बात की - जिन्होंने 1962, 1965 और 1971 के युद्धों के दौरान स्कूलों को बंकरों में बदल दिया, घायलों को सुरक्षित स्थान पर पहुंचाया और बिना किसी इनाम की उम्मीद के दिन-रात काम किया। उन्होंने कहा, "उनके पास कोई पदक नहीं था, लेकिन उनके अंदर भारत का दिल धड़क रहा था।"

उन्होंने सभी को याद दिलाया कि जब हमारे बहादुर सैनिक हमारी सीमाओं की रक्षा करते हैं, तो नागरिक स्वयंसेवकों की जिम्मेदारी है कि वे हमारे राष्ट्र की भावना को हमारे भीतर से - हमारी गलियों, हमारे घरों, हमारे मोहल्लों में सुरक्षित रखें। उन्होंने घोषणा की, "नागरिक सुरक्षा केवल एक सेवा नहीं है, यह एक भावना है, एक पवित्र जिम्मेदारी है - मातृभूमि के आह्वान पर खड़े होने की शपथ।"  

राज्यपाल कटारिया ने अपने प्रभावशाली संबोधन में युवाओं से दिल से अपील की और उन्हें अग्रिम मोर्चे के पीछे की ताकत बनने का आग्रह किया। उन्होंने कहा, "आप भारत का भविष्य हैं, लेकिन इस समय आप इसकी ढाल भी हैं।" टैगोर थिएटर में उनके भाषण के बाद तालियों की गड़गड़ाहट गूंज उठी। तिरंगा शहरी पार्क में लहराते तिरंगे के नीचे सैकड़ों लोगों ने न केवल युद्ध के समय, बल्कि हर संकट में सेवा करने की शपथ ली - चाहे वह आपदा हो, आपातकाल हो या अराजकता में शांति की आवश्यकता हो। 

कई लोगों के लिए यह एक महत्वपूर्ण मोड़ था - एक ऐसा क्षण जब नागरिक होने का गहरा अर्थ हुआ। हजारों लोगों ने जैसे ही हस्ताक्षर किए, उनकी आँखों में एक नया उद्देश्य झलक रहा था - एक ऐसे नेता से प्रेरित जो न केवल उनसे बात करता था, बल्कि उन पर विश्वास करता था। 

राज्यपाल स्वयंसेवकों के बीच चले गए, प्रोत्साहन के शब्दों का आदान-प्रदान किया, कंधों पर एक आश्वस्त हाथ रखा और प्रत्येक को याद दिलाया: "आप किसी सैनिक से कम नहीं हैं। आप भारत का विश्वास लेकर चलते हैं।" 

 इस ऐतिहासिक दिन पर 3,000 से अधिक सिविल डिफेंस स्वयंसेवकों का नामांकन हुआ - युवा, दृढ़ निश्चयी और जब भी देश को उनकी आवश्यकता हो, वे आगे आने के लिए तैयार हैं। यह एक सफलता से कहीं अधिक था - यह एक आंदोलन को फिर से जगाने वाला था, जिसका नेतृत्व एक ऐसे राजनेता ने किया जिसकी आवाज़ में अनुभव की बुद्धि और देशभक्त की गर्मजोशी है।

चंडीगढ़ के गृह सचिव श्री मंदीप सिंह बराड़, चंडीगढ़ के डिप्टी कमिश्नर श्री निशांत कुमार यादव, यूटी, चंडीगढ़ की एसएसपी सुश्री कंवरदीप कौर और चंडीगढ़ प्रशासन के अन्य अधिकारी भी इस कार्यक्रम के दौरान मौजूद थे।

Alert Updates Amid India Pakistan Tensions - Chandigarh Mohali Panchkula

10 May, 2025

General advisory;

Situation at the border districts is critical

Avoid large gatherings or crowd. 

Avoid moving out in the open.

Residents in tall buildings to stay very alert.  In case they hear the sirens, they shall immediately follow the directions. 

Avoid Malls and high rise commercial buildings, in case not necessary. 

Stay calm. All above are precautionary measures for our safety.

Please cooperate

10th May, 2025

DC SAS Nagar

10 May, 2024 15:31 

SAS NAGAR NO FLY ZONE alert 

11 may, 2025

Mayor Harpreet Kaur Babla calls emergency response meeting amidst India-Pakistan tensions*

*Mayor Harpreet Kaur Babla calls emergency response meeting amidst India-Pakistan tensions*

*Chandigarh, May 9:-*

In a swift and proactive response to the escalating tension between India and Pakistan, Chandigarh Mayor Smt. Harpreet Kaur Babla today convened an Special meeting with top officials of the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh.

The meeting was attended by Municipal Commissioner Sh. Amit Kumar, IAS, Senior Deputy Mayor Sh. Jasbir Singh Bunty, Deputy Mayor Smt. Taruna Mehta, all Joint Commissioners, Chief Engineer, Superintending Engineers and senior officers of the Corporation.

Mayor Babla, while expressing deep concern for the safety and well-being of Chandigarh residents, issued a series of urgent instructions to ensure the city’s preparedness for any emergency. She emphasized that “citizens’ safety is our topmost priority, and the Municipal Corporation is fully mobilized to respond swiftly and efficiently.”

Key measures initiated under the Mayor’s leadership include:

• Emergency Control Room Activated:

A 24x7 Control Room has been established at ICCC (Tel: 0172-2787200) to handle all emergency calls. A dedicated team under the supervision of SDE Sh. Rudesh Kumar has been deputed to manage operations, with full support from designated staff.

• Blackout Protocols & Street Light Management:

The Mayor instructed the immediate implementation of a blackout plan. SE (Horticulture) has been appointed as Nodal Officer to oversee switching off street and solar lights and raising sirens if required. Coordination with CREST and engineering departments has been ensured.

• Water Supply Management:

In the event of electricity failure, the SE (Public Health) has been directed to ensure uninterrupted water supply through tankers. Contact details of key officials are being centralized in the Control Room.

• Public Advisory via RWAs/MWAs:

Area engineers are directed to meet Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs) and Market Welfare Associations (MWAs) to advise on blackout protocols, preventing public panic, discouraging hoarding, and ensuring compliance with emergency advisories.

• Identification of Evacuation Centres:

Community Centres across Chandigarh are being identified and prepared to function as evacuation centres if required, with logistical arrangements for boarding and lodging.

• Security of Critical Installations:

Vital infrastructure such as waterworks, tubewells, and ICCC are to be secured. Only verified government personnel will be permitted access to these locations.

• Mobilization of Machinery:

The Mechanical and Transport wing is preparing an inventory of all government and private machinery (JCBs, tippers, trucks) along with drivers’ contact information for rapid deployment during emergencies.

• Readiness of Fire & Rescue Services:

The Chief Fire Officer has been directed to ensure that all fire and rescue operations are on high alert and fully operational.

Mayor Harpreet Kaur Babla urged the citizens of Chandigarh to remain calm, avoid rumors, and cooperate with authorities. She reassured that all departments are on full alert and Chandigarh is fully prepared to meet any contingency.

“MC taking every step possible to ensure the safety and resilience of our city. I appeal to the public to stay vigilant, stay informed through official channels, and avoid panic,” .

Panchkula schools closed, Punjab University exams exams postponed amid tensions between India and Pakistan - 9 May, 2025

पंचकूला जिला में सभी शिक्षण संस्थान बंद रखने के आदेश 

पंचकूला 8 मई।

वर्तमान हालात को देखते हुए उपायुक्त मोनिका गुप्ता ने पंचकूला जिला के सभी सरकारी और गैर सरकारी शिक्षण संस्थानों को 9 और 10 मई के लिए बंद करने के आदेश दिए हैं

उपायुक्त मोनिका गुप्ता ने बताया कि आपात स्थिति के मद्देनजर सभी सरकारी और गैर सरकारी स्कूलों के साथ-साथ कॉलेज एवं अन्य शिक्षण संस्थानों को 9 और 10 मई के लिए बंद रखने का निर्णय लिया गया है। उन्होंने कहा कि सारी अलर्ट रहें और जिला प्रशासन की ओर से जारी सूचनाओं का पालन करें और सतर्कता बरतें।

Panjab University, Chandigarh 

Dated: 08th May, 2025

This is for the information of the public in general and students in particular that the exams scheduled for 9, 10 and 12 May, 2025 are postponed. New dates will be announced later on.

Controller of Examinations, Panjab University, Chandigarh.

MC Conducts Briefing Session on Rain Water Harvesting for RWA Members*

*MC Conducts Briefing Session on Rain Water Harvesting for RWA Members*

*Chandigarh, May 6:-*

The Municipal Corporation Chandigarh organized a comprehensive briefing session for members of various Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs) at the Jal Shakti Kendra, Water Works, Sector 37, to promote awareness and understanding of Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) technology and the construction of structures/pits for water conservation.

The session was attended by engineering staff and officials from the Municipal Corporation, RWA representatives from different sectors, and water conservation experts. The aim of the session was to encourage RWAs to adopt sustainable water management practices and assist them with the technical aspects of implementing rainwater harvesting systems within their respective residential areas.

During the session, detailed presentations were made on the design, construction, and maintenance of RWH structures, along with discussions on the environmental and long-term economic benefits of rainwater conservation. Attendees were also guided on how to seek support from the Municipal Corporation for implementing such systems.

While sharing about the awareness campaign, Sh. Amit Kumar, IAS, Commissioner, MC Chandigarh said that this initiative is part of the ongoing efforts under the Jal Shakti Abhiyan, reflecting the commitment of the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh towards sustainable urban development and efficient water resource management.

*****

NINE, PGIMER, organizes Walkathon to Combat Drug Addiction as a part of the Ongoing initiative ‘Nashamukt Chandigarh’*

NINE, PGIMER, organizes Walkathon

*NINE, PGIMER, organizes Walkathon to Combat Drug Addiction as a part of the Ongoing initiative ‘Nashamukt Chandigarh’* 

In response to the clarion call for a "Nashamukat Chandigarh" by the Hon’ble Governor of Punjab, the National Institute of Nursing Education (NINE), PGIMER, Chandigarh, organized a "Walk for Drug Free Chandigarh" walkathon to raise awareness about the dangers of drug addiction. 

The event, held on the PGI campus, was flagged off by *Prof. Vipin Koushal, Medical Superintendent, PGIMER* , and *Dr. Sukphal Kaur, Principal, NINE, PGIMER* .

 

While commending the efforts of NINE, *Prof. Vipin Koushal* emphasized the importance of continuous education on drug de-addiction, stating, “Channelizing youth energy in a constructive manner is extremely important to dissuade them from drug abuse as well as to combat drug addiction and our event is a step in the direction of ongoing efforts in Chandigarh to address and reduce drug abuse within the community.”

MC Chandigarh launches 7 days Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidaari abhiyan

*MC Chandigarh launches 7 days Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidaari abhiyan*

*Mayor appeals citizens to join hands in this initiative*

*Chandigrh, May 1:-* The Municipal Corporation Chandigarh has launched week long cleanliness campaign of Rain Water Harvesting structures throughout city here today under the ‘Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidaari’ initiative from 1st May to 7th May, 2025.

While speaking about the campaign City Mayor Smt. Harpreet Kaur Babla said that under this campaign, all the rainwater harvesting structures are being cleaned across the city to enhance rainwater harvesting and ensure long-term water sustainability.

She said that water conservation is not just a policy, it’s an attempt and a virtue as well; it has generosity as well and responsibility too. She said that water was not just a resource but a question of life and the future of humanity. She expressed happiness towards the inception of public participation in the meaningful efforts of water conservation.

Commissioner, MC, Chandigarh Sh. Amit Kumar, IAS said on the occasion that Chandigarh would become a inspiration in water conservation in the country. Highlighting the importance of a conscious citizen, public participation and people’s movement, the Commissioner said that water conservation is not just a matter of policies but also social commitment. He said that water can only be saved when its misuse ends, consumption is reduced, water is reused, water sources are recharged and contaminated water is recycled. He highlighted the importance of embracing innovative approaches and modern technologies in this mission.

The MC Chandigarh also organized a briefing session for residents at the Jal Shakti Kendra, Sector 37 under one week “Catch the Rain’ initiative focused on cleaning and maintenance of rainwater harvesting structures, water conservation and its importance, role of community in water conservation. The objective of the session was to educate and involve RWAs in water conservation activities, promoting community-led initiatives and responsible water management practices.

In addition to that site visit of RWH structures was done by a team of officers led by Dr. Priyanka, Scientist C, from the Central Ground Water Board (C GWB), Chandigarh during which on-ground inspection of the rainwater harvesting structure located at the maintenance booth in sector 15, Chandigarh was carried out under the Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidaari initiative. Cleanliness drive of rain water harvesting structures was also carried out in community centres and maintenance booth, sector 15.

*****

MC Chandigarh to launch "Swachhata Saptah" Cleanliness Week from 1st May – 7th May under Jal Shanchy Jan Bhagidaari Abhiyan*

*MC Chandigarh to launch "Swachhata Saptah" Cleanliness Week from 1st May – 7th May under Jal Shanchy Jan Bhagidaari Abhiyan*

*Focus on Rainwater Harvesting System Maintenance*

*Chandigarh, April 30:-*

Focussing on rainwater harvesting system maintenance, the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh will launch week long Cleanliness drive of rainwater harvesting systems throughout city from 1st to 7th May, 2025.

While sharing about the initiative, the MC Commissioner Sh. Amit Kumar, IAS said that this dedicated week aims to spread awareness and ensure public participation in maintaining cleanliness, with a special focus this year on the cleaning and upkeep of Rainwater Harvesting Systems across the city.

He said that the campaign will be launched under the theme *Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidaari* under Jal Shakti Abhiyaan 'Catch the rain'.

The Commissioner emphasized the importance of sustainable water management, stating, “Maintaining rainwater harvesting systems is not just about water conservation, it's a civic responsibility. With proper cleaning and regular maintenance, these systems can significantly reduce water wastage and support eco-friendly practices.”

He further said that key Steps for Rainwater Harvesting System Maintenance Include:

• Regular inspection of gutters, downspouts, filters, and storage tanks.

• Removal of debris like leaves and twigs to ensure smooth water flow.

• Draining and scrubbing the storage tank interiors with mild detergent.

• Flushing the system and checking for any leaks or blockages.

• Cleaning all filters and screens, and scheduling maintenance every 2-3 months.

The Commissioner urged citizens of city beautiful to take part in this initiative by inspecting and cleaning their own rainwater harvesting systems. The campaign is a part of the broader goal to make Chandigarh a cleaner and greener city.

****

Rise from academia to policy-making

Rise from academia to policy-making 

Ms. Daman Singh referred to her father Dr. Manmohan Singh’s modest upbringing in Gah, a village in present-day Pakistan before Partition uprooted his family and the role played by his teachers and guides in his academic journey. Despite economic hardships, Dr. Singh’s relentless pursuit of education led him to Cambridge and later Oxford, where he honed his skills as an economist. Daman beautifully chronicled his rise from academia to policymaking, showcasing how his work ethic and dedication shaped his life and career.

Ms Daman Singh further emphasised that Panjab University was not only an academic starting point for Dr. Singh but, various scholarships he received from time to time were instrumental in his journey, making higher education accessible despite his modest background.

In her address, Ms. Daman Singh shared personal anecdotes and cherished memories, offering a heartfelt glimpse into the private world of one of India’s most respected statesmen. The public lecture provided a rare and intimate perspective on Dr. Singh’s life, legacy, and values. The lecture was very well received and appreciated.

This marked the second day of Daman Singh and Raghav Tankha’s visit to the university campus.

Later in the evening, Daman Singh and Raghav Tankha visited the Department of Economics, the alma mater of Dr. Manmohan Singh, to interact with faculty members, research scholars and students of the department. She spent a considerable amount of time in the official room of Dr. Manmohan Singh, which displayed several of his books and photographs, offering a glimpse into his academic life and lasting legacy at the university.

 

list of all recognized countries, organized by continent and geographical regions

Here’s a comprehensive list of all recognized countries, organized by continent and geographical regions:

---

1. Africa

North Africa

• Algeria
• Egypt
• Libya
• Mauritania
• Morocco
• Sudan
• Tunisia
• Western Sahara (disputed)

West Africa

• Benin
• Burkina Faso
• Cape Verde
• Côte d'Ivoire
• Gambia
• Ghana
• Guinea
• Guinea-Bissau
• Liberia
• Mali
• Niger
• Nigeria
• Senegal
• Sierra Leone
• Togo

Central Africa

• Angola
• Cameroon
• Central African Republic
• Chad
• Republic of the Congo
• Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Equatorial Guinea
• Gabon
• São Tomé and Príncipe

East Africa

• Burundi
• Comoros
• Djibouti
• Eritrea
• Ethiopia
• Kenya
• Madagascar
• Malawi
• Mauritius
• Mozambique
• Rwanda
• Seychelles
• Somalia
• South Sudan
• Tanzania
• Uganda
• Zambia
• Zimbabwe

Southern Africa

• Botswana
• Eswatini
• Lesotho
• Namibia
• South Africa

---

2. Asia

Central Asia

• Kazakhstan
• Kyrgyzstan
• Tajikistan
• Turkmenistan
• Uzbekistan

East Asia

• China
• Japan
• Mongolia
• North Korea
• South Korea
• Taiwan

Southeast Asia

• Brunei
• Cambodia
• East Timor (Timor-Leste)
• Indonesia
• Laos
• Malaysia
• Myanmar
• Philippines
• Singapore
• Thailand
• Vietnam

South Asia

• Afghanistan
• Bangladesh
• Bhutan
• India
• Maldives
• Nepal
• Pakistan
• Sri Lanka

Western Asia (Middle East)

• Armenia
• Azerbaijan
• Bahrain
• Cyprus
• Georgia
• Iran
• Iraq
• Israel
• Jordan
• Kuwait
• Lebanon
• Oman
• Palestine
• Qatar
• Saudi Arabia
• Syria
• Turkey
• United Arab Emirates
• Yemen

---

3. Europe

Northern Europe

• Denmark
• Estonia
• Finland
• Iceland
• Ireland
• Latvia
• Lithuania
• Norway
• Sweden
• United Kingdom

Western Europe

• Austria
• Belgium
• France
• Germany
• Liechtenstein
• Luxembourg
• Monaco
• Netherlands
• Switzerland

Southern Europe

• Albania
• Andorra
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Croatia
• Greece
• Italy
• Malta
• Montenegro
• North Macedonia
• Portugal
• San Marino
• Serbia
• Slovenia
• Spain
• Vatican City

Eastern Europe

• Belarus
• Bulgaria
• Czech Republic
• Hungary
• Moldova
• Poland
• Romania
• Russia
• Slovakia
• Ukraine

---

4. North America

Northern America

• Canada
• United States
• Mexico

Central America

• Belize
• Costa Rica
• El Salvador
• Guatemala
• Honduras
• Nicaragua
• Panama

Caribbean

• Antigua and Barbuda
• Bahamas
• Barbados
• Cuba
• Dominica
• Dominican Republic
• Grenada
• Haiti
• Jamaica
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Saint Lucia
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Trinidad and Tobago

---

5. South America

• Argentina
• Bolivia
• Brazil
• Chile
• Colombia
• Ecuador
• Guyana
• Paraguay
• Peru
• Suriname
• Uruguay
• Venezuela

---

6. Oceania

Australasia

• Australia
• New Zealand

Melanesia

• Fiji
• Papua New Guinea
• Solomon Islands
• Vanuatu

Micronesia

• Kiribati
• Marshall Islands
• Micronesia (Federated States of)
• Nauru
• Palau

Polynesia

• Samoa
• Tonga
• Tuvalu

---

7. Antarctica

• No sovereign countries, only research stations governed by the Antarctic Treaty.

---

- Generated by AI for study purpose. Please verify. We are not responsible for any error. 

जिला बाल कल्याण परिषद पंचकूला मनाया गया विश्व पुस्तक और कॉपीराइट दिवस

जिला बाल कल्याण परिषद पंचकूला मनाया गया विश्व पुस्तक और कॉपीराइट दिवस

पंचकूला, 23 अप्रैल 

 जिला बाल कल्याण परिषद द्वारा विश्व पुस्तक और सतलुज पब्लिक स्कूल ने कॉपीराइट दिवस बड़ी ही धूमधाम से मनाया। इस दिवस पर स्कूल के बच्चों व पुस्तकालय के पाठकों द्वारा बुकमार्क और प्रश्नोत्तरी प्रतियोगिता में भाग लिया।  श्रीमती सुषमा गुप्ता, मानद महासचिव, कार्यक्रम में मुख्य अतिथि थी, हरियाणा राज्य बाल कल्याण परिषद, चंडीगढ़ द्वारा माता सरस्वती के सम्मुख दीप ज्योति जलाकर पुष्प अर्पित करके कार्यक्रम का शुभारंभ किया तथा विजेताओं को प्रमाण पत्र व ट्रॉफी देकर सम्मानित किया। 

मानद महासचिव ने बताया कि विश्व पुस्तक दिवस को अंतरराष्ट्रीय पुस्तक दिवस के नाम से भी जाना जाता है इस दिन का मुख्य उद्देश्य पुस्तके पढ़ना और कॉपीराइट के महत्व को उजागर करना है उन्होंने बताया कि किताबें ऐसी शिक्षक हैं जो बिना कष्ट दिए बिना आलोचना किए और बिना परीक्षा लिए हमें शिक्षा देती है पुस्तकों का मूल्य रतन से भी अधिक है क्योंकि रत्न बाहरी चमक दमक दिखाते हैं जबकि पुस्तक अंतकरण को उज्जवल करती है। 

कार्यक्रम के विशिष्ट अतिथि डॉ कृत सराय, सह अध्यक्ष/निदेशक, सतलुज ग्रुप ऑफ स्कूल ने बताया कि यह किताबें और पढ़ने के आनंद को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक उत्सव है दुनिया भर में किताबों के दायरे को पहचानने के लिए यह उत्सव मनाया जाता है हम सबको किताबें पढ़ने और उनके महत्व को समझने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करना चाहिए और जितना हो सके मोबाइल से दूर रहना चाहिए।

इस मौके पर श्रीमती शिवानी सूद,  जिला बाल कल्याण अधिकारी, पंचकूला ने बताया कि बाल भवन, पंचकूला द्वारा पंचकूला में कालका में दो पुस्तकालय चलाए जा रहे हैं। जिसमें लगभग 2000 पाठक सदस्यता ले चुके हैं विश्व पुस्तक दिवस के अवसर पर बाल भवन सैक्टर 14 के पुस्तकालय में जिला बाल कल्याण अधिकारी द्वारा भी माता सरस्वती को पुष्प अर्पित किए और सभी पाठकों को मिठाई खिलाई गई। इस पुस्तकालय में बच्चे अपने विषय अनुसार पुस्तकालय की पुस्तकों से लाभ उठाकर सरकारी, गैर सरकारी, डॉक्टर, वकील, हरियाणा सिविल सर्विसेज, इंजीनियर इत्यादि की परीक्षा की तैयारी कर नौकरी प्राप्त कर रहे हैं इसके साथ बाल भवन पंचकूला में कंप्यूटर, सिलाई एवं कढ़ाई, ब्यूटी केयर इत्यादि कोर्स  करवाए जाते है जिसमें प्रतिदिन 300 से 400 लड़के/लड़कियां लाभांवित होती हैं जिला बाल कल्याण परिषद, पंचकूला द्वारा मिनी बाल भवन कालका में भी एक पुस्तकालय, कंप्यूटर, सिलाई एवं कढ़ाई, ब्यूटी पार्लर इत्यादि कोर्स करवाए जा रहे हैं सभी कोर्सों में जरूरतमंद लड़कियों में गरीब है परिवार के बच्चों को मुफ्त प्रशिक्षण प्रदान किया जाता है। 

इस मौके पर श्रीमती सरोज मालिक, बाल कल्याण अधिकारी, हरियाणा राज्य बाल कल्याण परिषद चंडीगढ़, परिषद के कर्मचारी, सतलुज पब्लिक स्कूल के अध्यापक व अध्यापिकाएं मौजूद थी।

I ASKED AI IF I AM AN ATOM DANCING IN THE COSMOS

 I ASKED AI IF I AM AN ATOM DANCING IN THE COSMOS

This is a conversation between an AI and me, when I asked it, if I am an atom dancing in the cosmos?

(Packed with Science, Philosophy, Poetry, Spirituality and a personal journey of discovering self.)

It turned out to be a beautifully fulfilling read for me. I hope you will enjoy it as well.  

The AI named me Younium to begin with...

- Blueskyisha 

Read Full Story here - (Paid Readers) 

 https://buymeacoffee.com/dailygk60e/i-asked-ai-if-i-am-an-atom-dancing-in-the-cosmos

https://buymeacoffee.com/dailygk60e/i-asked-ai-if-i-am-an-atom-dancing-in-the-cosmos

Chief Secretary Reviews Rainwater Harvesting and Groundwater Recharge Action Plan in UT Chandigarh

*Chief Secretary Reviews Rainwater Harvesting and Groundwater Recharge Action Plan in UT Chandigarh*

In alignment with the Government of India’s “Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain 2025” campaign, themed “Jal Sanchay, Jan Bhagidari – Jan Jagrukta ki Or”, Sh. Rajeev Verma, Chief Secretary, UT Chandigarh, chaired a high-level meeting to assess progress and formulate a comprehensive action plan focused on rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge of groundwater.

During the meeting, several directives were issued to ensure timely implementation of water conservation initiatives. All government buildings, including schools, colleges, and Anganwadis, will be equipped with Rainwater Harvesting Structures (RWHS). A week-long cleanliness drive from May 1 to 7, 2025, will focus on maintaining existing RWHS across government institutions. Desilting operations at Sukhna Lake and check dams within the Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary are scheduled to be completed before the onset of the monsoon. The Amrit Sarovar-Dhanas project is targeted to be completed by November 2025.

Further, in compliance with the JSA Mission, a target of planting 500,000 saplings has been assigned to the Forest Department, Engineering Department, and Municipal Corporation Chandigarh.

The meeting also emphasized the involvement of women Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in pond cleaning and community participation. “Jaldoots” will be appointed in schools and colleges to promote water conservation, with the Education Department tasked with submitting an action report. Further, regular consultations will be held with Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs) and Market Welfare Associations (MWAs) to raise awareness and drive collective action.

An advisory has been issued to Central, Haryana and Punjab government offices and complexes of autonomous bodies located in Chandigarh to establish RWHS on their premises. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Jal Shakti Kendra will be developed to strengthen educational outreach, complemented by mass media campaigns using jingles, advertisements, and pamphlets to spread awareness. Departments have been instructed to ensure timely uploading of data on the JSA portal for monitoring progress. Additionally, the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) will conduct a detailed study of the shallow aquifer system in the region. Pre-monsoon desilting of road gullies and manholes will also be carried out to mitigate the risk of urban flooding.

Chief Secretary UT Chandigarh, Sh. Rajeev Verma, underscored the importance of meeting all deadlines and urged departments to execute their tasks with efficiency and accountability. He emphasized that the decisions and strategies discussed in the meeting would form the bedrock of future policies and sustainable water management practices in UT Chandigarh.

Present during the meeting were Sh. Mandip Singh Brar, Home Secretary, Sh. Amit Kumar, Commissioner MC Chandigarh, Sh. Nishant Kumar Yadav, Deputy Commissioner, Sh. Anup Kumar Soni, Deputy Conservator of Forests, UT Chandigarh and other officials of Chandigarh Administration and Municipal Corporation.

Bhavan Vidyalaya, New Chandigarh Celebrates Earth Day with a Call to Action

Bhavan Vidyalaya, New Chandigarh Celebrates Earth Day with a Call to Action

On April 22, 2025, Bhavan Vidyalaya, New Chandigarh commemorated Earth Day with a

series of engaging activities aimed at promoting environmental consciousness and

responsibility among students. The morning assembly set the tone with a serene prayer, an

inspiring thought, and powerful student presentations on the importance of eco-friendly

living.

A creatively recited poem and a thought-provoking address by Ms. Annpurna emphasized

simple, actionable steps toward preserving nature. A symbolic Earth Day badge was

presented to Principal, Ms. Inderpreet Kaur as a gesture of gratitude for her support in

promoting environmental awareness. In her address, she aptly quoted, “We have not

inherited the Earth from our ancestors; we have borrowed it from our children,” underscoring

the collective responsibility toward sustainability. The assembly concluded with a pledge by

students to reduce plastic usage, conserve water, and make environmentally conscious

choices.

As part of the day’s celebrations, a Bulletin Board Competition was organized for Classes III

to V, providing students with an opportunity to creatively express messages, visuals, and

slogans centered around Earth Day.

The Pre-Primary students added their vibrant touch to the day through a Tear and Paste

activity and a Seed Sowing activity, where they crafted Earth-themed artwork and planted

seeds, symbolizing their commitment to a greener tomorrow.

The KG cluster also held a special assembly, where students confidently spoke about the

importance of Earth Day and shared ways to keep the Earth clean. A delightful dance

performance by the young learners added colour and energy to the celebration.

Further strengthening the message of conservation, the entire school observed a power-free

hour from 8:30 a.m. to 9:30 a.m., during which all non-essential electrical appliances were

switched off and discussions were held in classrooms on energy conservation and

environmental care.

The Earth Day celebration at Bhavan Vidyalaya was more than just an event—it was a

heartfelt reminder that even the smallest actions can spark meaningful change, and that the

duty to protect our planet rests in all our hands.

PGIMER’s Prof. Pinaki Dutta Conferred with the* Prestigious Samanta Chandra Sekhar Award 2023

 *PGIMER’s Prof. Pinaki Dutta Conferred with the* *Prestigious Samanta Chandra Sekhar Award 2023* 

In a moment of great pride for PGIMER, Chandigarh, *Prof. Pinaki Dutta,* a distinguished faculty member of the Department of Endocrinology, has been honoured with the *Samanta Chandra Sekhar Award 2023* by Mr. Mohan Kumar Majhi , Hon’ble Chief Minister of Odisha at a ceremony held by Odisha Bigyan Academy, Government of Odisha  at Bhuvneshwar on 28th March 2025.

This prestigious award recognizes eminent Odia scientists working outside the state for their exceptional contributions to science and technology.

Born & brought up in Odisha , Prof. Dutta completed his MBBS from MKCG Medical College, Berhampur (Berhampur University) in 1997, followed by MD in Internal Medicine in 2000 and DM in Endocrinology in 2003 from PGIMER, Chandigarh. A brilliant academician, he was awarded the Best Graduate Award and earned honours in five subjects during his medical education.

Prof. Dutta began his academic career at PGIMER as an Assistant Professor in 2004, rising through the ranks to become Associate Professor and then Additional Professor in 2015 and 2018 respectively. With over 24 years of dedicated service, he has made seminal contributions to the field of endocrinology, particularly in the area of pituitary disorders. His research has redefined treatment strategies of pituitary tumours, transitioning from conventional clinical approaches to personalized medicine and cutting-edge multi-omics research.

One of his landmark discoveries—the cost-effective use of Imatinib in acromegaly therapy over existing somatostatin analogues—holds promising therapeutic potential. With over 250 research papers in reputed national and international journals, 20 conference proceedings, 12 book chapters, and successful supervision of 50 MD/DM and 4 Ph.D. students, Prof. Dutta has built a legacy of scientific excellence and mentorship.

His academic brilliance has been previously recognized with numerous accolades, including the Best Paper Award at RSSDI (2003), Young Investigator Award (2005), San Diego USA by Pituitary Society, DST-UK Thematic  partnership Grant (2014), and orations such as the Subash Mukherjee Memorial Oration, Endocrine Society of India and ICMR M.N. Sen Memorial Oration in 2020. 

He has also represented India at various international platforms & have been visiting Professor to  countries like USA( Cedars Sinai Hospital Los Angels), UK (Barts & London School of Medicine), Europe (Semmelweis University Budapest)

He has been working  in various capacities in esteemed international organisation - Pituitary Society. He is the first Indian to hold such a position in said organisation at international level .

The Samanta Chandra Sekhar Award is a befitting recognition of Prof. Dutta’s unwavering commitment to medical science and his pioneering contributions to endocrinology. PGIMER celebrates this honour and congratulates Prof. Dutta on this well-deserved recognition.

Breaking News: 5.8 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Afghanistan, Tremors Felt in India and Pakistan

Breaking News: 5.8 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Afghanistan, Tremors Felt in India and Pakistan

A powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 5.8 on the Richter scale struck Afghanistan on Saturday at 12:17 pm IST, according to the National Center for Seismology ¹. The strong tremors were also felt in parts of India, including Jammu and Kashmir and Delhi-NCR, as well as in North-West Pakistan.

The earthquake's impact was widespread, with residents in affected areas reporting mild panic and concern. However, no major damage or casualties have been reported so far.

This is not the first time Afghanistan has experienced significant seismic activity. The country is located in a seismically active region, where the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates intersect . Neighboring countries, including India and Pakistan, are also vulnerable to earthquakes due to their proximity to this fault line.

The National Center for Seismology and other authorities are closely monitoring the situation, and residents in affected areas are advised to remain vigilant and take necessary precautions.

Awareness and Screening Programs by the Department of Hepatology, PGIMER, Chandigarh on World Liver Day – 2025

*Awareness and Screening Programs by the Department of Hepatology, PGIMER, Chandigarh on World Liver Day – 2025*

World Liver Day is observed on 19th April every year. This all started in the year 2010 when European Association for Study of the Liver (EASL) decided to mark this day as the World Liver Day which was the day of the founding of EASL in the year 1966. The day marks an occasion to enlighten the public about the risk and causes of liver disease, its prevention, including diet and lifestyle modification and the available treatment modalities. 

Typically, most of the chronic liver disease (CLD) patients do not have any specific symptoms in the initial stage of CLD and requires screening and surveillance as per their risk factors, said *Prof. (Dr.) Ajay Duseja, Head of Dept of Hepatology, PGIMER Chandigarh*. He said that three common causes of CLD seen in PGI are alcohol related liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD- fatty liver disease) and chronic viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B and C Viruses). The department of Hepatology has always been in the forefront in organizing various public awareness and screening and surveillance activities. Transient elastography is a non-invasive modality to screen for liver fat and fibrosis (scarring) and in the past, the department has organized elastography and viral hepatitis screening activities for PGI employees, said Dr Sunil Taneja, Additional Professor, Department of Hepatology, PGIMER, Chandigarh. There are certain high-risk groups for liver disease and amongst many such groups, those who abuse alcohol and inject drugs are very common high-risk groups. On this world liver day, we plan to screen such patients for the presence of liver disease, said Dr Duseja. He said that, in collaboration with department of Psychiatry, patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) attending the drug de-addiction and treatment centre (DDTC) at PGI will be coordinated with the department of Hepatology to screen for presence of hepatitis B and C infections and will also undergo elastography of the liver to look for liver fat and fibrosis (scarring). This activity though will start on the occasion of world liver day but will continue for next few weeks till enough of such patients have been screened, said Dr Duseja.

Every year the World Liver Day comes with a theme and this year’s theme is ‘Food is Medicine’. The theme is relevant as there is close relationship between food we consume and the risk of liver disease said Dr Madhumita Premkumar, Additional Professor, Department of Hepatology, PGIMER, Chandigarh. She said that food does affect the gut bacteria, which are related to the occurrence of liver disease through gut-liver axis and changing the gut health. Both quantity and quality of the food are related to the liver health by causing malnutrition including over-nutrition and under-nutrition both of which increases the risk of liver disease, said Dr Nipun Verma, Additional Professor, Dept of Hepatology PGIMER Chandigarh. Overnutrition, typically causes overweight and obesity and the risk of other metabolic diseases like diabetes (blood sugar), hypertension (high BP), dyslipidemia (abnormal blood lipids) and put these patients at risk of developing fatty liver disease said Dr Arka De, Associate Professor, Dept of Hepatology PGIMER Chandigarh. Thus, for a good health, it is very important to have a balanced quantity and quality of food. Diet consisting of whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables and moderate intake of dairy and carbohydrates and restricted sugar and fat intake (particularly saturated and trans fats) is considered a healthy diet for healthy liver, said Dr Naveen Bhagat, Assistant Professor, Dept of Hepatology PGIMER Chandigarh.

Most of the diseases of the liver including the three common liver diseases (ALD, fatty liver and viral hepatitis) are related to the unhealthy lifestyle and thus making people aware of a healthy lifestyle goes a long way for a healthy liver said Dr Sunil Taneja. There is a large burden of liver diseases globally and in India and there are not enough hepatologists (liver doctors) in the country to look after these patients with liver disease said Dr Madhumita Premkumar. Following the principle of “Prevention is better than cure’ and making efforts to prevent these diseases is thus a better strategy rather than trying to cure a large number of such patients said Dr Nipun Verma. In this direction, Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL) has formed a taskforce on ‘Preventive Hepatology’ with an aim to make all sections of society aware about the preventive measures of common liver diseases, said Dr Duseja who is the national Secretary-General of INASL. He said that it is good to catch them young and thus making children and adolescents aware of preventive measures may be more fruitful. In its maiden attempt, INASL- Taskforce on Preventive Hepatology and department of Hepatology, PGIMER Chandigarh organized a ‘Liver Health Awareness Program’ in Delhi Public School, Chandigarh on 17th April, 2025. In the program, Mrs Reema Dewan, The Director of DPS, Chandigarh and Mohali thanked INASL and the department of Hepatology for this awareness program which was addressed to the children of class 10-12 of the school. Dr Duseja, who is also the chairperson of this national taskforce explained the children about this initiative and the need of such program. Dr Ajeet Bhadoria, Additional Professor, Dept of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh who is also the convener of the taskforce spoke about the causes, routes of transmission and preventive measures for viral hepatitis predominantly focusing on hepatitis A and B virus. Dr Arka De, Associate Professor, Dept of Hepatology PGIMER Chandigarh spoke about the causes and preventive measures for fatty liver disease covering both alcohol related fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and also covering the theme of world liver day i.e. ‘Food is Medicine’. Even though good quality and quantity of food is so important for good liver health, in certain areas accessibility and affordability to good quality food may be a challenge, said Dr Naveen Bhagat, Assistant Professor, Dept of Hepatology PGIMER Chandigarh. The awareness program was attended by around 500 persons including the students, teachers and staff of DPS, Chandigarh.

The department of Hepatology will continue to organize such awareness and screening programs for the better liver health of the community.

World Voice Day Celebrated at PGI with Public Awareness Activities, Skit Performance, and Educational Pamphlet Distribution

*World Voice Day Celebrated at PGI with Public Awareness Activities, Skit Performance, and Educational Pamphlet Distribution*

In recognition of World Voice Day, Speech and Hearing Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, , Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGI), Chandigarh, organized a series of impactful public awareness activities today, including a captivating skit performance and the distribution of informative pamphlets, to educate patients about various voice disorders. The event was met with an enthusiastic response from the numerous patients gathered in the OPD.

The primary objective of the initiative was to raise awareness about the importance of vocal health and to provide valuable information on the causes, signs, symptoms, and management of voice disorders. A team of experienced speech-language pathologists, and students from the Speech and Hearing Unit collaborated to deliver a comprehensive educational program.

A highlight of the event was a compelling skit performance by students from the Speech and Hearing Unit. The skit effectively illustrated common voice disorders and their impact on daily life, engaging the audience and making complex medical information more accessible. Following the skit, experts conducted interactive sessions, addressing common concerns and misconceptions surrounding vocal health. Patients were educated on a wide range of voice disorders..

In addition to the sessions, informative public education pamphlets were distributed to patients, providing detailed information on vocal hygiene, common voice disorders, and available treatment options. These pamphlets served as valuable resources for patients to refer to after the event.

"Voice is an essential tool for communication, and it is crucial to recognize and address any issues that may affect it,"  "Our aim today was to empower patients with knowledge and resources to take proactive steps in maintaining their vocal health. The students skit provided an excellent and engaging way to deliver important information."

The patients who attended the event expressed their gratitude for the informative sessions, the engaging skit, and the helpful pamphlets, highlighting the importance of such initiatives in promoting public health awareness. The activities were well-received and served as a valuable platform for patients to interact with experts and receive personalized advice.

PGI remains committed to providing comprehensive healthcare services and raising awareness about various health conditions to improve the well-being of the community.

police representative made aware of the latest trends in Aadhaar and how Aadhaar can be used as a tool to verify the identity of the residents.

Chandigarh, April 16, 2025: The UIDAI RO, Chandigarh, today held a workshop with Samavesh Team Members of all police stations of Chandigarh, at Police Headquarters Sector 9 Chandigarh. The workshop was called on by the SSP Ms. Kanwardeep Kaur, IPS. The purpose of the meeting was to make the police representative aware of the latest trends in Aadhaar and how Aadhaar can be used as a tool to verify the identity of the residents.

Approximately 65 participants attended the workshop, which covered various topics related to the Aadhaar ecosystem, rules and regulations, Authentication modules, valid documents for Aadhaar enrolment and updation, Mandatory Biometric Update for children above 5 and 15 and document update.

Speaking on the occasion Sh. Jagdish Kumar emphasized the need of using both online and offline modes for verification of Aadhaar. He stated that any Aadhaar can be verified from the official website as well as the mAadhaar Application. Live demo was also given on the Aadhaar verification module. Examples of Digi Yatra and Jeevan Praman were given to show the effectiveness of Aadhaar in quick delivery of public services. He further explained that any Government or Private Department can start using Aadhaar based authentication by obtaining the licence from UIDAI. For this a nominal fee of Rs 3 lakhs is to be paid. Recently UIDAI has waived off this fee if the yearly transactions are less than 1 lakh.

The Director of UIDAI assured that such sessions can be held on regular intervals so that the Administration can be appraised about latest developments of UIDAI. He further stated that the workshop marked a significant step towards enhancing the use of Aadhaar based authentication and ensuring the highest standards of service delivery to the residents.

The session provided a comprehensive overview of Aadhaar ecosystem. Sh Sachin Kumar, Project Manager, UIDAI explained the importance of document update for the residents who have not updated their Aadhaar in past 10 years. He also explained the various services available on the web portal of UIDAI i.e. https://myaadhaar.uidai.gov.in/ which the residents can avail.

Speaking on the occasion, Smt. Sarita Roy, Inspector/Incharge of Community Policing Department Chandigarh Police, directed all the police personnel to start using the available modules for Aadhaar verification. She thanked UIDAI for the workshop.

The price of gold drops

The price of gold has decreased on April 15, Tuesday. Its new rate has dropped by nearly ₹250. Meanwhile, silver is selling at around ₹99,800 per kilogram, showing a decrease of approximately ₹100. If we talk about gold prices in different cities, in Delhi, the price of 22-carat gold is ₹87,690.

Gold rate in your own city

Regarding the prices of gold and silver in major cities across the country, today in Delhi, the price of gold is ₹93,680 per 10 grams. Meanwhile, the gold rate in Mumbai was recorded at ₹95,670 per 10 grams. In Hyderabad, the price of gold was ₹93,990 per 10 grams, while in Chennai, it was trading at ₹94,120 per 10 grams. The prices of gold in Kolkata and Bengaluru were also ₹93,720 and ₹93,920 per 10 grams, respectively.

When it comes to silver, its price in Delhi was ₹94,330 per kilogram, while it closed at ₹94,490 per kilogram in Mumbai. The prices of silver in Hyderabad, Chennai, and Kolkata were recorded at ₹94,640, ₹94,760, and ₹94,360 per kilogram, respectively.

Three days International Dermatology Conference 2025 Concludes Successfully at PGIMER Chandigarh

*Three days International Dermatology Conference 2025 Concludes Successfully at PGIMER Chandigarh*

The International Aesthetic and Clinical Dermatology Conference (IACDC) 2025 was successfully held from 11 April to 13th 2025 at the Bhargava Auditorium, organized under the esteemed supervision of Dr. Davinder Parsad, Head of the Department of Dermatology, PGIMER. The conference, "Biologicals & JAK Power: Transforming Dermatologic Therapeutics," witnessed the overwhelming participation of over 100 expert faculty members and 300 delegates from India and abroad, ranging from top national and international dermatologists, surgeons, researchers, and academicians.

Over three enriching days, the event offered a robust scientific program featuring live surgery workshops, plenary talks, clinical case-based sessions, and expert panel discussions focused on emerging dermatologic therapies.

Detailed Horoscope for 14 April 2025

 

Detailed Horoscope for 14 April 2025

Aries (March 21 - April 19):

Today marks a significant shift as the Sun enters your sign, Aries! This transit will infuse you with a surge of energy, confidence, and a renewed sense of self. You'll feel more assertive and driven to pursue your goals. This is a powerful time for personal initiatives and taking the lead. However, with Mercury still retrograde, be mindful of your communication. Think twice before speaking or acting impulsively. Travel plans might face minor hiccups or delays, so allow for extra time. Your charm and magnetism are heightened, making it a good day for social interactions, though clarity in conversations is key. Financially, an opportunity might arise, but careful assessment is advised before making any commitments. Focus on self-care and channel your abundant energy through physical activity.

Taurus (April 20 - May 20):

For you, Taurus, today emphasizes the need for inner reflection and a focus on your subconscious. With the Sun moving into your twelfth house, you might feel a pull towards solitude and introspection. This is an excellent time for spiritual practices, meditation, and understanding your deeper motivations. You might find yourself more sensitive to the energies around you. Opportunities for reconnection with loved ones may arise, offering comfort and emotional support. However, be cautious of any secret dealings or low energy levels. It's a day to recharge rather than push yourself too hard. Financially, it's a good time to review your budget and resolve old financial matters. Trust your intuition, but also be pragmatic in your decisions.

Gemini (May 21 - June 20):

Your social sectors are highlighted today, Gemini. Networking and connecting with friends and acquaintances can bring joy and new opportunities. Your communication skills are sharp, and you might find yourself engaging in stimulating conversations. However, with Mercury retrograde influencing your eleventh house, be prepared for potential miscommunications within group projects or with friends. Reconnecting with old friends could be beneficial, and past ideas might resurface. While networking is favored, avoid launching new projects just yet. Double-check all your public posts and messages to prevent misunderstandings. Teamwork at work can lead to innovative solutions, but clear communication is crucial to avoid any confusion.

Cancer (June 21 - July 22):

The Sun's transit into your tenth house of career and public image brings a significant focus to your professional life, Cancer. You might feel a strong desire for career progression and achieving new goals. Recognition for your hard work is possible, and you might be entrusted with more responsibilities. However, with Mercury retrograde also in this sector, be cautious of hasty decisions and potential miscommunications with superiors or colleagues. This is a time to refine your public image and set clear career intentions rather than rushing into new roles. Spending time with family will provide emotional peace and stability. Avoid clashing with authority figures and focus on patience and tact in your professional interactions.

Leo (July 23 - August 22):

Today, Leo, your belief systems and desire for expansion are highlighted as the Sun moves into your ninth house. You might feel drawn to higher learning, philosophical discussions, and exploring new perspectives. Travel or connecting with people from different backgrounds could be on the cards. This transit can bring a sense of inspiration and renewed faith in your path. However, be mindful of potential travel disruptions due to Mercury retrograde. Your courage and optimism are strong, and you'll likely receive support from mentors or those in authority. This is a favorable time for spiritual reflection and learning.

Virgo (August 23 - September 22):

The focus for you today, Virgo, shifts towards transformation, intimacy, and shared resources as the Sun enters your eighth house. You might find yourself delving deeper into emotional matters and seeking a deeper understanding of your relationships. Financial matters related to joint ventures, inheritances, or taxes could come into focus. It's a time to be mindful of trust and transparency in your interactions. While your analytical skills are sharp, Mercury retrograde suggests being extra cautious with financial agreements and ensuring clear communication with partners. Unexpected insights and a different understanding of your life situation may reveal themselves through self-reflection.

Libra (September 23 - October 22):

Relationships take center stage for you today, Libra, as the Sun moves into your seventh house of partnerships. This transit emphasizes the importance of balance, harmony, and cooperation in your one-on-one connections, both personal and professional. You might find yourself seeking to strengthen existing bonds or attracting new partnerships. However, with Mercury retrograde in this sector, be prepared for potential misunderstandings or delays in communication with partners. Patience and clear expression of your thoughts and feelings will be crucial. Building strong connections through receptiveness and attentiveness will lead to enduring positive energy in your relationships.

Scorpio (October 23 - November 21):

Today, Scorpio, your focus shifts towards your daily routines, health, and work as the Sun enters your sixth house. You might feel a strong urge to organize your life, improve your well-being, and be more efficient in your work. This is a good time to implement new healthy habits and streamline your daily tasks. However, with Mercury retrograde influencing this area, be mindful of details and potential errors in your work. Communication with colleagues might require extra clarity. Pay attention to your health and listen to your body's signals. Prioritizing your well-being through a balanced diet and mindful movement will be beneficial.

Sagittarius (November 22 - December 21):

Your creativity, romance, and self-expression are highlighted today, Sagittarius, as the Sun moves into your fifth house. You might feel a surge of inspiration and a desire to engage in activities that bring you joy and pleasure. This is a favorable time for hobbies, artistic pursuits, and spending time with children. However, with Mercury retrograde in this playful sector, be mindful of potential misunderstandings in romantic relationships or with children. Creative projects might face minor delays or require revisions. Your mental clarity is strong, and your words will carry impact, making it a good day for meaningful conversations, especially in your personal life.

Capricorn (December 22 - January 19):

The focus for you today, Capricorn, shifts towards your home, family, and emotional foundations as the Sun enters your fourth house. You might feel a stronger connection to your roots and a desire to nurture your personal space and relationships with family members. This is a good time for home-related projects and spending quality time with loved ones. However, with Mercury retrograde influencing this sensitive area, be prepared for potential miscommunications or minor disruptions within the household. A younger family member might seek your advice or emotional support. Focus on creating a peaceful and harmonious home environment.

Aquarius (January 20 - February 18):

Communication, learning, and your immediate environment take center stage for you today, Aquarius, as the Sun moves into your third house. You might feel more curious, communicative, and eager to connect with those around you, especially siblings and neighbors. Short trips and intellectual pursuits could be favored. However, with Mercury retrograde in this active sector, be extra careful with your words and ensure clear communication to avoid misunderstandings. Travel plans might face minor delays or changes. This is a good time for collaborative learning and sharing ideas, but double-check all information and messages.

Pisces (February 19 - March 20):

Today, Pisces, your focus shifts towards your finances, values, and self-worth as the Sun moves into your second house. You might be thinking more about your income, possessions, and what truly matters to you. This is a time to assess your financial situation and identify ways to increase your stability. However, with Mercury retrograde influencing this financial sector, be cautious with spending and avoid risky investments or big-ticket purchases. Review your budget and wrap up pending financial tasks. Your income will likely cover your current needs, and you might discover small ways to stretch your budget.

Remember that these are general astrological interpretations, and individual experiences can vary based on your unique birth chart and other planetary influences.

Always be proud of our cultural heritage - Satya Pal Jain

Always be proud of our cultural heritage - Satya Pal Jain

Chandigarh April 12, 2025. Shri Satya Pal Jain, Former Member of Parliament from Chandigarh and Additional Solicitor General of India has appealed to the youth to always be proud of our cultural heritage and never forget it because no other country or civilization in the world has a heritage like ours.

            Shri Jain was addressing the gathering as the Chief Guest at the inaugural function of the two-day 'Path Finder-2' competition at Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landra yesterday, in which hundreds of students from various institutions participated.

            On reaching the college premises, he was welcomed by the organizer of this program Shri Deepak Gupta, Director of the Institute Prof. Hrishikesh along with the staff and leading people of the organization.

            Appreciating Shri Deepak Gupta and his team for organizing such competitions, Shri Jain said that students living in villages and towns and who are not financially well-off are also very talented and such competitions provide a golden opportunity to such children to enhance their talent. Sh. Jain praised Chandigarh College President Sh. Satnam Singh Sandhu and said that he has raised the head of all of us by gaining the trust of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi.

            Shri Jain said that the culture of India is based on the principle of equality of all religions and equal affection towards others and live and let live. He said that the culture of India wishes for happiness not only for itself but for all humanity and all creatures.

 

Deputy Prime Minister of Italy Calls on The President

 

Deputy Prime Minister of Italy Calls on The President

The Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy, H.E. Mr. Antonio Tajani called on the President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapati Bhavan today (April 12, 2025).

Welcoming Deputy Prime Minister Tajani and his delegation to Rashtrapati Bhavan, the President noted that both India and Italy are rooted in ancient civilizational heritage, with a proud history of contributing to the world through our philosophy, literature, and arts. We have been interconnected over the centuries through trade and the exchange of people and ideas. She noted that present era, the two countries are collaborating closely in emerging technologies, innovation, and defense; and are also working together on multilateral platforms such as the G-20.

The President said that there is great potential for growth in bilateral trade and investment between the two countries. India's rapid economic growth and the roadmap for 'Viksit Bharat' by 2047 present numerous opportunities for industrial partnerships and collaboration. She invited Italian companies and PSUs to expand their operations in India, especially for manufacturing and co-production. She also urged Italian green technology companies to explore possibilities of cooperation and partnership with Indian industry.

The President said that the Joint Strategic Action Plan announced during the meeting of Prime Minister Meloni and Prime Minister Modi in Rio in November 2024 is a blueprint for the next 5 years. This Action Plan will be a guiding framework to accelerate our joint efforts.

The President was happy to note that Italian universities and research centres are exploring possibilities of collaboration with Indian partners. She said that the new education policy has facilitated foreign universities to open campuses in India. Italian universities can be invited to open campuses in India.

The two leaders agreed that India-Italy strategic partnership would reach new heights in the times to come.